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Scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG) [1] is a modified theory of gravity developed by John Moffat, a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Ontario. The theory is also often referred to by the acronym MOG ( MO dified G ravity ).
Tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), [1] developed by Jacob Bekenstein in 2004, is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm. [2] [3] The main features of TeVeS can be summarized as follows: As it is derived from the action principle, TeVeS respects conservation laws;
Phys. 31(1): 109, 1992: Scalar-tensor-theory with Higgs field. C.H. Brans, June 2005: Roots of scalar-tensor theories. arXiv:gr-qc/0506063. Discusses the history of attempts to construct gravity theories with a scalar field and the relation to the equivalence principle and Mach's principle. P. G. Bergmann (1968). "Comments on the scalar-tensor ...
Indeed, the theory he finally arrived at in 1915, general relativity, is a tensor theory, not a scalar theory, with a 2-tensor, the metric, as the potential. Unlike his 1913 scalar theory, it is generally covariant, and it does take into account the field energy–momentum–stress of the electromagnetic field (or any other nongravitational field).
Amount of magnetic moment per unit volume A/m L −1 I: vector field Momentum: p →: Product of an object's mass and velocity kg⋅m/s L M T −1: vector, extensive Pop: p →: Rate of change of crackle per unit time: the sixth time derivative of position m/s 6: L T −6: vector Pressure gradient: Pressure per unit distance pascal/m L −2 M 1 ...
Moffat is best known for his work on gravity and cosmology, culminating in his nonsymmetric gravitational theory and scalar–tensor–vector gravity (now called MOG), and summarized in his 2008 book for general readers, Reinventing Gravity. His theory explains galactic rotation curves without invoking dark matter.
The final main class of metric theories is the vector–tensor theories. For all of these the gravitational "constant" varies with time and α 2 {\displaystyle \alpha _{2}} is non-zero. Lunar laser ranging experiments tightly constrain the variation of the gravitational "constant" with time and α 2 < 4 × 10 − 7 {\displaystyle \alpha _{2}<4 ...
Horndeski's theory is the most general theory of gravity in four dimensions whose Lagrangian is constructed out of the metric tensor and a scalar field and leads to second order equations of motion. [ clarification needed ] The theory was first proposed by Gregory Horndeski in 1974 [ 1 ] and has found numerous applications, particularly in the ...