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In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the hydration, i.e. "Addition of water or of the elements of water (i.e. H and OH) to a molecular entity". [5] For example: ethanol , CH 3 −CH 2 −OH , is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene , CH 2 =CH 2 , formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C, and so ...
The second water in the formula unit is hydrogen-bonded to the chloride and to the coordinated water molecule. Water of crystallization is stabilized by electrostatic attractions, consequently hydrates are common for salts that contain +2 and +3 cations as well as −2 anions.
One such approach counts the number of water molecules bound to the compound more strongly (by 13.3 kcal/mol or more) than they are bound to other water molecules. [3] Hydration number estimates are not limited to integer values (for instance, estimates for sodium include 4, 4.6, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6, 6, 6.5, and 8), with some of the spread of ...
For instance, water warms when treated with CaCl 2 (anhydrous calcium chloride) as a consequence of the large heat of hydration. However, the hexahydrate, CaCl 2 ·6H 2 O cools the water upon dissolution. The latter happens because the hydration energy does not completely overcome the lattice energy, and the remainder has to be taken from the ...
Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO 4 and related hydrates. In the form of γ-anhydrite (the anhydrous form), it is used as a desiccant. One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum. It has many uses in industry.
Copper(II) nitrate describes any member of the family of inorganic compounds with the formula Cu(NO 3) 2 (H 2 O) x. The hydrates are hygroscopic blue solids. Anhydrous copper nitrate forms blue-green crystals and sublimes in a vacuum at 150-200 °C. [5] [6] Common hydrates are the hemipentahydrate and trihydrate.
The gentle formula cleanses and hydrates hair, so you can forget about frizz. As Associate Editor Chelsea Candelario shares, "When I had reddish brown highlights, I relied on this shampoo to bring ...
Cobalt(II) bromide can be prepared as a hydrate by the reaction of cobalt hydroxide with hydrobromic acid: . Co(OH) 2 + 2HBr → CoBr 2 ·6H 2 O The classical coordination compound bromopentaamminecobalt(III) bromide is prepared by oxidation of an aqueous solution of cobalt(II) bromide and ammonia.