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Saparmurat Atayevich Niyazov (Russian: Сапармурат Атаевич Ниязов; Turkmen: Saparmyrat Ataýewiç Nyýazow; [a] 19 February 1940 – 21 December 2006), known as Türkmenbaşy, [b] was a Turkmen politician who led Turkmenistan from 1985 until his death in 2006.
The Ruhnama, or Rukhnama, translated into English as Book of the Soul, is a two volume work written by Saparmurat Niyazov, the president of Turkmenistan from 1990 to 2006. It was intended to serve as a tool of state propaganda, emphasising the basis of the Turkmen nation. [1] [2]
On 10 August 2002, the government of Turkmenistan adopted a law to rename all the months and most of the days of the week. The names were chosen according to Turkmen national symbols, as described in the Ruhnama, a book written by Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmenistan's first and only president for life.
Saparmurat Niyazov: Bill Clinton: December 21, 2006: January 31, 2001: February 14, 2001: Meret Orazov [1] In 2011, he was concurrently appointed as ambassador to Mexico. In 2016, he was concurrently appointed as Ambassador to Canada. [2] Saparmurat Niyazov: George W. Bush: December 21, 2006
The Monument of Neutrality (Turkmen: Bitarap nukdaýnazaryň ýadygärligi) is a monument and observation tower located in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.The three-legged arch, which became known locally as "The Tripod", [1] was 75 metres (246 ft) tall and was built in 1998 on the orders of President Saparmurat Niyazov to commemorate the country's official position of neutrality. [2]
The sole candidate was Saparmurat Niyazov, who had served as the first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Turkmen SSR since 21 December 1985. Other candidates were not allowed to participate in the elections. According to official data, 99.5% of voters voted in favour of Niyazov, with voter turnout at 99.8%. [2]
Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006) 1990: 2 November 1990 21 December 2006: 16 years, 49 days CPT (until Dec. 1991) 1992: DPT — Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (born 1957) — 21 December 2006 14 February 2007 55 days DPT (until 2013) 2 2007 2012: 14 February 2007 19 March 2022 15 years, 33 days 2017: Independent: 3 Serdar Berdimuhamedow (born 1981 ...
A referendum on extending President Saparmurat Niyazov's term until 2002 was held in Turkmenistan on 15 January 1994. [1] Official results showed that the proposal was approved by 99.99% of voters, with a 100% turnout.