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In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of n randomly chosen people, at least two will share the same birthday. The birthday paradox refers to the counterintuitive fact that only 23 people are needed for that probability to exceed 50%.
But given the number of people, what is the probability of every day in the year being someone's birthday? For 1 to 364 people, it is 0, i.e. such a thing is impossible. For exactly 365 people, it is 1/(365!), i.e. 1 divided by the factorial of 365. But what is the probability for larger groups? (For simplicity, we ignore leap years.)
The birthday effect (sometimes called the birthday blues, especially when referring specifically to suicide) is a statistical phenomenon where an individual's likelihood of death appears to increase on or close to their birthday.
Usually, coincidences are chance events with underestimated probability. [3] An example is the birthday problem, which shows that the probability of two persons having the same birthday already exceeds 50% in a group of only 23 persons. [4] Generalizations of the birthday problem are a key tool used for mathematically modelling coincidences. [5]
The birthday problem asks, for a set of n randomly chosen people, what is the probability that some pair of them will have the same birthday? The problem itself is mainly concerned with counterintuitive probabilities, but we can also tell by the pigeonhole principle that among 367 people, there is at least one pair of people who share the same ...
In a recent blog post titled Navigating When to Claim Social Security Orman wrote, “remember... a woman who makes it to age 65 in average health has a 50% probability of still being alive at age 88.
If you've started to receive an endless flow of junk email, you may be the victim of spam bombing. This is a tactic used by bad actors and hackers to distract you from seeing emails that really are important to you.
A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations ...