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An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass [2] is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones. Adrenal cancer is the presence of malignant adrenal tumors, and includes neuroblastoma , adrenocortical carcinoma and some adrenal pheochromocytomas .
Ganglioneuroma of the adrenal gland. Because ganglioneuromas are benign, treatment may not be necessary, as it would expose patients to more risk than leaving it alone. [citation needed] If there are symptoms or major physical deformity, treatment usually consists of surgery to remove the tumor. [citation needed]
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.. Adrenocortical carcinoma is remarkable for the many hormonal syndromes that can occur in patients with steroid hormone-producing ("functional") tumors, including Cushing's syndrome, Conn syndrome, virilization, and feminization.
Rarely (5–12%), the adrenal tumor may be cancerous (adrenocortical carcinoma), requiring adrenalectomy. Rarer still, the mass may be a metastatic cancer that spread from another location, such as the kidney or lung. If the metastasis is isolated to the adrenal gland, it may be a candidate for adrenalectomy. [5] [7]
The condition was recognized by Martin Benno Schmidt (1863 – 1949), a German pathologist, first described in 1926. [12] A third subtype, PAS III, has been described in adults, but apart from the absence of adrenal failure, no clinical differences between types II and III have been described.
Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due ...
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to hemorrhages in the adrenal glands, commonly caused by sepsis. Typically, the bacteria responsible for triggering the bleeding is Neisseria meningitidis. [1] The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or both adrenal glands. [2]
In medical or research imaging, an incidental imaging finding (also called an incidentaloma) is an unanticipated finding which is not related to the original diagnostic inquiry. As with other types of incidental medical findings , they may represent a diagnostic, ethical, and philosophical dilemma because their significance is unclear.