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The 16 Divisions of construction, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat, is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada. In 2004, MasterFormat was updated and expanded to 50 Divisions. [1]
MasterFormat is a standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the U.S. and Canada. [1] Sometimes referred to as the "Dewey Decimal System" of building construction, MasterFormat is a product of the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) and Construction ...
50 Divisions refers to the 50 divisions of construction information, as defined by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)'s MasterFormat beginning in 2004. [1][2][3][4] Before 2004, MasterFormat consisted of 16 Divisions. [5] MasterFormat has continued to be updated and revised since 2004, with new numbers, titles, and a new division ...
Earlier this month, the Justice Department announced that Lumber Liquidators had been sentenced to pay a $13.15 million settlement which included $7.8 million in criminal fines and more than $1.23 ...
Wood or plastic laminate: Formica Corporation, part of Broadview Holdings Widely used for the generic product. An attempt to have the trademark quashed failed in 1977. [98] Freon: Refrigerant: DuPont (formerly), Chemours: Frequently used to refer to any type of refrigerant, [99] though Freon is specifically Dichlorodifluoromethane, or R-12 ...
MasterFormat has been used in construction projects in the U.S. almost without exception for the past 30-40 years. It continues to be the most important format available. Access to knowledge about this format to professionals and laypersons (e.g. a layperson that may be building a home) alike is essential. I have found this article very useful ...
In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has initiated, it grows a small amount with each loading cycle, typically producing striations on some parts of the fracture surface.
The basic concept of the micro-mechanics of failure (MMF) theory is to perform a hierarchy of micromechanical analyses, starting from mechanical behavior of constituents (the fiber, the matrix, and the interface), then going on to the mechanical behavior of a ply, of a laminate, and eventually of an entire structure.