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Decomposition of forces (in horizontal cross-section) acting on a sail, generating lift. F T is the Total Force acting on the sail for the Apparent Wind (V A), shown. This resolves into forces felt by the sail, Lift (L) and Drag (D), with vectors shown in red and angle of attack noted as α.
Lift is always accompanied by a drag force, which is the component of the surface force parallel to the flow direction. Lift is mostly associated with the wings of fixed-wing aircraft , although it is more widely generated by many other streamlined bodies such as propellers , kites , helicopter rotors , racing car wings , maritime sails , wind ...
Sailing. Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites —to propel a craft on the surface of the water (sailing ship, sailboat, raft, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ice (iceboat) or on land (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation. From prehistory until the second half of the 19th ...
A sail with the airflow parallel to its surface, while angled into the apparent wind, acts substantially like a wing with lift as a force acting perpendicular to its surface. A sail with the apparent wind perpendicular to its surface, acts substantially like a parachute with the drag on the sail as the dominant force. As a sailing craft ...
A centreboard (often called a lifting foil in a modern racing dinghy) is used to provide lift to counter the lateral force from the sails.This is required for sailboats to move in directions other than downwind, since the force of the sail is never closer than 45 degrees to the apparent wind.
Sails may be made from a combination of woven materials—including canvas or polyester cloth, laminated membranes or bonded filaments, usually in a three- or four-sided shape. A sail provides propulsive force via a combination of lift and drag, depending on its angle of attack, its angle with respect to the apparent wind. Apparent wind is the ...
The mechanical advantage is 2, requiring a force of only 50 N to lift the load. A block and tackle is characterized by the use of a single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a load. Its mechanical advantage is the number of parts of the rope that act on the load. The mechanical advantage of a ...
Forces on a wing (green = lift, red = drag). A wingsail, twin-skin sail[1] or double skin sail[2] is a variable- camber aerodynamic structure that is fitted to a marine vessel in place of conventional sails. Wingsails are analogous to airplane wings, except that they are designed to provide lift on either side to accommodate being on either tack.