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  2. Forces on sails - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forces_on_sails

    At a stable angle of heel (for a sailboat) and a steady speed, aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces are in balance. Integrated over the sailing craft, the total aerodynamic force (FT) is located at the centre of effort (CE), which is a function of the design and adjustment of the sails on a sailing craft.

  3. Rotor ship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotor_ship

    Rotor ship E-Ship 1. A rotor ship is a type of ship designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion. The ship is propelled, at least in part, by large powered vertical rotors, sometimes known as rotor sails. German engineer Anton Flettner was the first to build a ship that attempted to tap this force for propulsion, and ships using his type of ...

  4. Flettner rotor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flettner_rotor

    Flettner rotor. A Flettner rotor is a smooth cylinder with disc end plates which is spun along its long axis and, as air passes at right angles across it, the Magnus effect causes an aerodynamic force to be generated in the direction perpendicular to both the long axis and the direction of airflow. [1] The rotor sail is named after the German ...

  5. Ship motions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_motions

    A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch motion is an up-or-down movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The longitudinal/X axis, or roll axis, is an imaginary ...

  6. Sailing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing

    Helm force (rotation about the vertical axis) Hull drag (rotation about the horizontal axis amidships [citation needed]) Each is a reaction to forces on sails and is achieved either by weight distribution or by management of the center of force of the underwater foils (keel, daggerboard, etc.), compared with the center of force on the sails.

  7. Sail components - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sail_components

    Sail components include the features that define a sail's shape and function, plus its constituent parts from which it is manufactured. A sail may be classified in a variety of ways, including by its orientation to the vessel (e.g. fore-and-aft) and its shape, (e.g. (a)symmetrical, triangular, quadrilateral, etc.).

  8. Capstan equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capstan_equation

    The formula is. where is the applied tension on the line, is the resulting force exerted at the other side of the capstan, is the coefficient of friction between the rope and capstan materials, and is the total angle swept by all turns of the rope, measured in radians (i.e., with one full turn the angle ). For dynamic applications such as belt ...

  9. Carrier strike group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_strike_group

    U.S. Navy ships assigned to the USS George Washington Carrier Strike Group sail in formation in the Atlantic Ocean in November 2003. A carrier strike group (CSG) is a type of carrier battle group of the United States Navy. [1] It is an operational formation composed of roughly 7,500 personnel, usually an aircraft carrier, at least one cruiser ...