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Instead, qualitative sampling is based on purposive selection, the sample size is flexible and not predetermined, and the goal is not to make generalizable claims but develop in-depth understandings with the richest evidence possible.
Sample sizes in qualitative research are guided by data adequacy, so an effective sample size is less about numbers (n's) and more about the ability of data to provide a rich and nuanced account of the phenomenon studied.
Building on established reviews and expanding to new methods, our findings extract the following sample size guidelines: theme saturation (9 interviews; 4 focus groups), meaning saturation (24 interviews; 8 focus groups), theoretical saturation (20–30+ interviews), metatheme saturation (20–40 interviews per site), and saturation in salience ...
According to most researchers carrying out qualitative researches, adequacy of sample size is a key marker for the research’s quality. However, there is no consensus with respect to the...
The usually small sample size in qualitative research depends on the information richness of the data, the variety of participants (or other units), the broadness of the research question and the phenomenon, the data collection method (e.g., individual or group interviews) and the type of sampling strategy.
Knowledge is essential in order to establish how ‘typical’ your sample is of the phenomenon alongside understanding the potential diversity, or variance, within the phenomenon. The higher the variance, the larger the sample required.
These results provide strong empirical guidance on effective sample sizes for qualitative research, which can be used in conjunction with the characteristics of individual studies to estimate an appropriate sample size prior to data collection.
Focusing on single-interview-per-participant qualitative designs, the present study aims to further contribute to the dialogue of sample size in qualitative research by offering empirical evidence around justification practices associated with sample size.
We recommend, firstly, that qualitative health researchers be more transparent about evaluations of their sample size sufficiency, situating these within broader and more encompassing assessments of data adequacy. Secondly, we invite researchers critically to consider how saturation parameters found ….
We suggest that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy. We present a model where these elements of information and their relevant dimensions are related to information power.