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In the Dred Scott case, or Dred Scott v. Sanford, the Supreme Court ruled that no black could claim U.S. citizenship or petition a court for their freedom.
Among constitutional scholars, Scott v. Sandford is widely considered the worst decision ever rendered by the Supreme Court. It has been cited in particular as the most egregious example in the court’s history of wrongly imposing a judicial solution on a political problem.
For all practical purposes, Northern courts and politicians rejected Scott v. Sandford as binding. In an advisory opinion , Maine’s high court declared that African Americans could vote in both state and federal elections.
Dred Scott v. Sandford, [a] 60 U.S. (19 How.) 393 (1857), was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the U.S. Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African descent, and therefore they could not enjoy the rights and privileges the Constitution conferred upon American citizens.
In a 7-2 vote, the Supreme Court held in Dred Scott v. Sandford that African Americans were not and could not become U.S. citizens. And therefore, Scott had no standing to sue in federal court.
The Dred Scott Case: Dred Scott v. Sanford. In 1846, an enslaved man in St. Louis asked to purchase his freedom from his master. When she refused, the chain of events that followed would forever alter the course of events in the United States. Dred Scott was born into slavery around 1799.
Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. From 1833 to 1843, he resided in Illinois (a free state) and in the Louisiana Territory, where slavery was forbidden by the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Dred Scott, an enslaved man who was taken by his enslaver into a free state and also to free federal territory, sued for freedom for himself and his family based on his stay in free territory. The Court refused to permit Scott constitutional protections and rights because he was not a citizen.
The decision of Scott v. Sandford, considered by many legal scholars to be the worst ever rendered by the Supreme Court, was overturned by the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution, which abolished slavery and declared all persons born in the United States to be citizens of the United States.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) The U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not citizens of the United States and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court.