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  2. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    t. e. The number π (/ paɪ /; spelled out as " pi ") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle 's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics.

  3. Approximations of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximations_of_π

    Starting at 0, add 1 for each cell whose distance to the origin (0,0) is less than or equal to r. When finished, divide the sum, representing the area of a circle of radius r, by r2 to find the approximation of π. For example, if r is 5, then the cells considered are: (−5,5) (−4,5)

  4. Proof that π is irrational - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_π_is_irrational

    v. t. e. In the 1760s, Johann Heinrich Lambert was the first to prove that the number π is irrational, meaning it cannot be expressed as a fraction , where and are both integers. In the 19th century, Charles Hermite found a proof that requires no prerequisite knowledge beyond basic calculus.

  5. Area of a circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_of_a_circle

    Inscribe a square in the circle, so that its four corners lie on the circle. Between the square and the circle are four segments. If the total area of those gaps, G 4, is greater than E, split each arc in half. This makes the inscribed square into an inscribed octagon, and produces eight segments with a smaller total gap, G 8.

  6. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    In mathematics, Euler's identity[note 1] (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality where. is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is a special case of Euler's formula when evaluated for .

  7. Pi is 3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_is_3

    Pi is 3 is a misunderstanding that the Japanese public believed that, due to the revision of the Japanese Curriculum guideline in 2002, the approximate value of pi (π), which had previously been taught as 3.14, is now taught as 3 in arithmetic education.

  8. Leibniz formula for π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz_formula_for_π

    In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for π, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that = + + = = +,. an alternating series.. It is sometimes called the Madhava–Leibniz series as it was first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama or his followers in the 14th–15th century (see Madhava series), [1] and was later independently rediscovered by James Gregory in ...

  9. Buckingham π theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_π_theorem

    Edgar Buckingham circa 1886. In engineering, applied mathematics, and physics, the Buckingham π theorem is a key theorem in dimensional analysis. It is a formalisation of Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis. Loosely, the theorem states that if there is a physically meaningful equation involving a certain number n of physical variables ...