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The letter ਸ਼, already in use by the time of the earliest Punjabi grammars produced, along with ਜ਼ and ਲ਼, [49] enabled the previously unmarked distinction of /s/ and the well-established phoneme /ʃ/, which is used even in native echo doublets e.g. rō̆ṭṭī-śō̆ṭṭī "stuff to eat"; the loansounds f, z, x, and ġ as ...
Shahmukhi (Punjabi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth '; Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
Christopher Shackle divides the work into five parts: [3]. the invocation of God; the loss of Anandpur; the battle of Chamkaur; the address to Aurangzeb; the conclusion; In this letter, Guru Gobind Singh reminds Aurangzeb how he and his soldiers had broken their oaths sworn upon the Qur'an when they promised safe passage to the Guru but launched a hidden attack of an army described as much ...
The Victorian novel, Elizabethan drama, free verse and Modernism entered Punjabi literature through the introduction of British education during the Raj. The first Punjabi printing press (using Gurmukhi font) was established through a Christian mission at Ludhiana in 1835, and the first Punjabi dictionary was published by Reverend J. Newton in ...
The Punjabi Wikipedia (Punjabi: پنجابی وکیپیڈیا (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ (Gurmukhi)) is the Punjabi language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [3][4] There are two Punjabi Wikipedia editions, the Eastern Punjabi Wikipedia (in Gurmukhi script) and Western Punjabi Wikipedia (in Shahmukhi ...
It is similar to ɲ , the letter for the palatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem, and to ŋ , the letter for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem. Saraiki uses the letter ݨ for /ɳ/. It is a compound of nūn and rre ( ڑ ).
The Punjabi dialects and languages or Greater Punjabi are a series of dialects and languages spoken around the Punjab region of Pakistan and India with varying degrees of official recognition. [7] They have sometimes been referred to as the Greater Punjabi macrolanguage. [8] Punjabi may also be considered as a pluricentric language with more ...
move to sidebarhide. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Punjabi alphabetmay refer to the: Gurmukhī alphabet, an Indic script. Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Arabic script. Topics referred to by the same term. This disambiguationpage lists articles associated with the title Punjabi alphabet. If an internal linkled you here, you may wish ...