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In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space . [1] A vector field on a plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with given magnitudes and directions, each attached to a point on the plane. Vector fields are often used to model, for example, the speed ...
Calculus. In vector calculus, the curl, also known as rotor, is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal circulation of a vector field in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The curl at a point in the field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation. [1]
Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, . [1] The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial differentiation and multiple integration.
Conservative vector field. In vector calculus, a conservative vector field is a vector field that is the gradient of some function. [1] A conservative vector field has the property that its line integral is path independent; the choice of path between two points does not change the value of the line integral.
The divergence of a vector field F(x) at a point x0 is defined as the limit of the ratio of the surface integral of F out of the closed surface of a volume V enclosing x0 to the volume of V, as V shrinks to zero. where |V| is the volume of V, S(V) is the boundary of V, and is the outward unit normal to that surface.
In vector calculus, a vector potential is a vector field whose curl is a given vector field. This is analogous to a scalar potential, which is a scalar field whose gradient is a given vector field. Formally, given a vector field , a vector potential is a vector field such that. {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} =\nabla \times \mathbf {A} .}
Gradient. The gradient, represented by the blue arrows, denotes the direction of greatest change of a scalar function. The values of the function are represented in greyscale and increase in value from white (low) to dark (high). In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar-valued differentiable function of several variables is the vector field ...
Formal definition. The exterior algebra of a vector space over a field is defined as the quotient algebra of the tensor algebra by the two-sided ideal generated by all elements of the form such that . [6] Symbolically, The exterior product of two elements of is defined by.