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2. Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant

   Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.

3. Kantian ethics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantian_ethics

   In one such family, Beck calls our attention to philosophers who utilized an appeal to mankind's scientific and philosophical endeavors in order to impose various limits upon the scope, validity and content of religious beliefs. Beck included the works of Baruch Spinoza, David Hume and Immanuel Kant within this family. In Beck's view, Kantian ...

4. Hypothetical imperative - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical_imperative

   Kant summarizes it as, "Whoever wills the end also wills (in so far as reason has decisive influence on his actions) the indispensably necessary means to it that is in his control." [ 1 ] Kant's definition provides that there are a countless number of personal ends that can exist, because each human being has their unique perspectives, desires ...

5. Kantianism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantianism

   Kantianism (German: Kantianismus) is the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). The term Kantianism or Kantian is sometimes also used to describe contemporary positions in philosophy of mind , epistemology , and ethics .

6. Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoughts_on_the_True...

   Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces (German: Gedanken von der wahren Schätzung der lebendigen Kräfte) is Immanuel Kant's first published work, published in 1749. It is the first of Kant's works on natural philosophy. The True Estimation is divided into a preface and three chapters. Chapter One is titled "Of the force of bodies in ...

7. Political philosophy of Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy_of...

   The Rechtsstaat concept is based on the ideas, discovered by Immanuel Kant, for example, in his Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals: "The task of establishing a universal and permanent peaceful life is not only a part of the theory of law within the framework of pure reason, but per se an absolute and ultimate goal. To achieve this goal, a ...

8. What Is Enlightenment? - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_Enlightenment?

   A number of leading intellectuals replied with essays, of which Kant's is the most famous and has had the most impact. Kant's opening paragraph of the essay is a much-cited definition of a lack of enlightenment as people's inability to think for themselves due not to their lack of intellect, but lack of courage. [1] [2] [3] [4]

9. Critique of Practical Reason - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critique_of_Practical_Reason

   Kant did not initially plan to publish a separate critique of practical reason. He published the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason in May 1781 as a "critique of the entire faculty of reason in general" [1] [2] (viz., of both theoretical and practical reason) and a "propaedeutic" or preparation investigating "the faculty of reason in regard to all pure a priori cognition" [3] [4] to ...