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The Shang dynasty (Chinese: 商朝; pinyin: Shāng cháo), also known as the Yin dynasty (殷代; Yīn dài), was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty. The classic account of the Shang comes from texts such ...
This is a family tree for the Zhou dynasty, descendants of Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler, thereby establishing the dynasty. Ruling from 1046 BC to 256 BC, it is notable as the longest dynasty in Chinese history, although the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou.
Rib of a rhinoceros killed in a royal hunt, bearing an inscription including the character 商 (Shāng, fifth character from the bottom on the right) [2]. The Late Shang, also known as the Anyang period, is the earliest known literate civilization in China, spanning the reigns of the last nine kings of the Shang dynasty, beginning with Wu Ding in the second half of the 13th century BC and ...
Unlike the Xia, the Shang dynasty's historicity is firmly established, due to written records on divination objects known as Oracle bones. The oldest such oracle bones date to the Late Shang ( c. 1250—1046 BCE ), during the reign of Wu Ding (1250–1192), putting the exact details of earlier rulers into doubt.
The bronze foundries at the capital produced a variety of chariot fittings and weapons. The Shang dagger-axe was designed for hand-to-hand fighting on foot. [26] Some 980 bronze arrowheads have been found, compared with 20,400 fashioned from bone. [27] The Shang bow had a range of 60 to 70 m (200 to 230 ft). [28]
Cheng Tang [a] (born Zi Lü [b] [1]), recorded on oracle bones as, in English, Tai Yi [1] (太乙) or Da Yi (大乙), was the first king of the Shang dynasty. Tang is traditionally considered a virtuous ruler, as signified with the common nickname of " Tang the Perfect " (Cheng Tang) given to him. [ 2 ]
Fu Hao is known to modern scholars mainly from inscriptions on Shang dynasty oracle bone artifacts unearthed at Yinxu. [11] From these inscriptions and from the presence of weapons in her tomb, it can be determined that Fu Hao was a general in charge of several military campaigns for the Shang dynasty.
Shang dynasty: East of Yin, south of Huai river: swing Xing (興方) Shang dynasty: Unknown swing Ma (馬方) Shang dynasty: West of Yin (Present Shanxi Province Lüliang City Shilou County) enemy Shi (豕方) Shang dynasty: Wei (危方) Shang dynasty: swing Yu (盂方) 1: Shang dynasty: East of Yin: East Yu (東盂方) Shang dynasty: swing ...