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Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands .
With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, water hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 m (3 ft) in height. The leaves are 10–20 cm (4–8 inches) across on a stem , which is floating by means of buoyant bulb-like nodules at its base above the water surface.
The anchored water hyacinth is a free-floating aquatic perennial plant. [2] It is known by various common names such as, water orchid, and floating water hyacinth. The water hyacinth could be identified by its distinct thick, waxy green leaves that has a rounded or elliptical shape.
Eichhornia, commonly called water hyacinths, was a polyphyletic genus of the aquatic flowering plants family Pontederiaceae. Since it was consistently recovered in three independent lineages, it has been sunk into Pontederia , together with Monochoria .
Aquatic plants require special adaptations for prolonged inundation in water, and for floating at the water surface. The most common adaptation is the presence of lightweight internal packing cells, aerenchyma , but floating leaves and finely dissected leaves are also common.
Hyalella azteca has body plan similar to most amphipods and is a classic freshwater example of the order. They grow to a length of 3–8 millimetres (0.12–0.31 in), with males being larger than females. [1]
The more of the animal's body that is submerged while swimming, the less energy it uses. Swimming on the surface requires two to three times more energy than when completely submerged. This is because of the bow wave that is formed at the front when the animal is pushing the surface of the water when swimming, creating extra drag. [34]
[1] [15] [16] [17] In addition, the Nymphaeaceae are more genetically diverse and geographically dispersed than other basal angiosperms. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Nymphaeaceae is placed in the order Nymphaeales , which is the second diverging group of angiosperms after Amborella in the most widely accepted flowering plant classification system, APG IV system .