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In botany, drought tolerance is the ability by which a plant maintains its biomass production during arid or drought conditions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Some plants are naturally adapted to dry conditions , surviving with protection mechanisms such as desiccation tolerance , detoxification , or repair of xylem embolism. [ 3 ]
Maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) is the most widely cultivated C 4 plant.[1]In botany, C 4 carbon fixation is one of three known methods of photosynthesis used by plants. C 4 plants increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity.
For example, in hot weather they may overheat and suffer from temperature stress. They have no specific adaptations to overcome this, but, if there is enough water in the soil to allow this, they can increase their rate of transpiration by opening their stomata, thus meaning some heat is removed by the evaporating water.
Pages in category "Drought-tolerant plants" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 371 total. This list may not reflect recent changes .
By definition, succulent plants are drought-resistant plants in which the leaves, stem, or roots have become more than usually fleshy by the development of water-storing tissue. [5] Other sources exclude roots as in the definition "a plant with thick, fleshy and swollen stems and/or leaves, adapted to dry environments". [ 6 ]
Resistance to drought is a quantitative trait, with a complex phenotype, often confounded by plant phenology. Breeding for drought resistance is further complicated since several types of abiotic stress, such as high temperatures, high irradiance, and nutrient toxicities or deficiencies can challenge crop plants simultaneously.
Examples of xerophytes include cacti, pineapple and some gymnosperm plants. The morphology and physiology of xerophytes are adapted to conserve water during dry periods. Some species called resurrection plants can survive long periods of extreme dryness or desiccation of their tissues , during which their metabolic activity may effectively shut ...
Cassava was introduced to East Africa around 1850 by Arab and European settlers, who promoted its cultivation as a reliable crop to mitigate the effects of drought and famine. [ 25 ] There is a legend that cassava was introduced in 1880–1885 to the South Indian state of Kerala by the King of Travancore , Vishakham Thirunal Maharaja, after a ...