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The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe , whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy ...
All quarks are assigned a baryon number of 1 / 3 . Up, charm and top quarks have an electric charge of + 2 / 3 , while the down, strange, and bottom quarks have an electric charge of − 1 / 3 . Antiquarks have the opposite quantum numbers. Quarks are spin- 1 / 2 particles, and thus fermions. Each quark or antiquark ...
The positively charged quarks (up, charm, and top quarks) are called up-type quarks and have T 3 = + + 1 / 2 ; the negatively charged quarks (down, strange, and bottom quarks) are called down-type quarks and have T 3 = − + 1 / 2 . Each doublet of up and down type quarks constitutes one generation of quarks.
One of three stable transuranic elements predicted by the new science of nucleonics in James P. Hogan's Giants series. Not naturally occurring outside of neutron stars, but trace amounts are created at the detonation of nucleonic weapons. Bureaucratium Scientific in-joke: Similar to Administratium and variation of the joke.
Several bosons, including the W and Z bosons and the Higgs boson, can decay into charm quarks. All charm quarks carry charm , a quantum number . This second- generation particle is the third-most-massive quark , with a mass of 1.27 ± 0.02 GeV/ c 2 as measured in 2022, and a charge of + 2 / 3 e .
Quarks and gluons are the only fundamental particles that carry non-vanishing color charge, and hence they participate in strong interactions only with each other. The strong force is the expression of the gluon interaction with other quark and gluon particles. All quarks and gluons in QCD interact with each other through the strong force.
For instance a pentaquark made of two up quarks, one down quark, one charm quark, and one charm antiquark would be denoted uudc c. The quarks are bound together by the strong force, which acts in such a way as to cancel the colour charges within the particle. In a meson, this means a quark is partnered with an antiquark with an opposite colour ...
The up quark or u quark (symbol: u) is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a significant constituent of matter.It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei.