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The following disorders are additional conditions that may be detected by screening. Many are listed as "secondary targets" by the 2005 ACMG report. [1] Some states are now screening for more than 50 congenital conditions. Many of these are rare and unfamiliar to pediatricians and other primary health care professionals. [1] Blood cell disorders
CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association) is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder.First described in 1979, the acronym "CHARGE" came into use for newborn children with the congenital features of coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, restricted growth or development, genital or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness. [1]
These affect the shape of the eyelids, nose, mouth, and ears and limit movement of the arms and legs. [4] Restricted chest movement can lead to breathing difficulties. [4] These plates fall off over several weeks. [3] Other complications can include premature birth, infection, problems with body temperature, and dehydration.
Newborn screening mostly measures metabolite and enzyme activity using a dried blood spot sample. [99] Screening tests are carried out in order to detect serious disorders that may be treatable to some extent. [100] Early diagnosis makes possible the readiness of therapeutic dietary information, enzyme replacement therapy and organ transplants ...
Protruding ear, otapostasis or bat ear is an abnormally prominent human ear. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The concha is large with poorly developed antihelix and scapha. It is the result of malformation of cartilage during primitive ear development in intrauterine life. [1] The deformity can be corrected anytime after five years of age.
In another study values of 79.6% and 2.7% for the combined screening were then improved with the addition of second trimester ultrasound scanning to 89.7% and 4.2% respectively. [13] A further study reported detection of 88% for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and 75% for trisomy 18 ( Edwards syndrome ), with a 3.3% false-positive rate. [ 14 ]
Since the inner ear is not directly accessible to instruments, identification is by patient report of the symptoms and audiometric testing. Of those who present to their doctor with sensorineural hearing loss, 90% report having diminished hearing, 57% report having a plugged feeling in ear, and 49% report having ringing in ear ().
Computerised tomography (CT) can be used to determine if disease is present in the middle ear. [12] Whilst hearing loss is a common symptom in many diseases of the ear, for example in otosclerosis (abnormal bone growth in the ear), [3] the white, chalky patches on the tympanic membrane are fairly characteristic of tympanosclerosis ...