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Different ATS also have different toxic dose. Methamphetamine fatality from ATS have been reported after ingestion of a minimal dose of 1.3 mg/kg, while the estimated minimum lethal dose in a non-addicted adult is 200 mg. [14] [26] Generally, children are more likely to develop toxicity and have lower chances of developing tolerance. [14]
To avoid toxicity and risk of side effects, FDA guidelines recommend an initial dose of methamphetamine at doses 5–10 mg/day for ADHD in adults and children over six years of age, and may be increased at weekly intervals of 5 mg, up to 25 mg/day, until optimum clinical response is found; the usual effective dose is around 20–25 mg/day.
It is the 4-methoxy analogue of methamphetamine. Little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism , and toxicity of PMMA; because of its structural similarity to PMA, which has known toxicity in humans, it is thought to have considerable potential to cause harmful side effects or death in overdose . [ 2 ]
Methamphetamine is FDA approved for the treatment of ADHD and exogenous obesity. It is dispensed in the USA under the trademark name "Desoxyn" [22] and manufactured by Ovation Pharmaceuticals. [23] The levorotary form of methamphetamine, called levomethamphetamine, is an over-the-counter drug used in nasal decongestants inhalers. [24]
A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
The DSM-5 guidelines for the diagnosis of opioid use disorder require that the individual has a significant impairment or distress related to opioid uses. [4] To make the diagnosis two or more of 11 criteria must be present in a given year: [4] More opioids are taken than intended; The individual is unable to decrease the number of opioids used
[251]: 50 [273] Thereafter, in the late 1980s, the drug spread alongside rave culture to the UK and then to other European and American cities. [251]: 50 Illicit MDMA use became increasingly widespread among young adults in universities and later, in high schools. Since the mid-1990s, MDMA has become the most widely used amphetamine-type drug ...
The opposite of an indication is a contraindication, [4] a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment because the risks of treatment clearly outweigh the benefits. In the United States, indications for prescription drugs are approved by the FDA. Indications are included in the Indications and Usage section of the Prescribing Information.