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A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core, which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations.
Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores.
Suppose there is a processor read request for block X. If the block is found in L1 cache, then the data is read from L1 cache and returned to the processor. If the block is not found in the L1 cache, but present in the L2 cache, then the cache block is fetched from the L2 cache and placed in L1.
As a result, CPU caches are used as the primary source and destination for I/O, allowing network interface controllers (NICs) to DMA directly to the Last level cache (L3 cache) of local CPUs and avoid costly fetching of the I/O data from system RAM. As a result, DDIO reduces the overall I/O processing latency, allows processing of the I/O to be ...
When a cache line is reused the RRPV is set to zero, indicating that the line has been reused once and is likely to be reused again. On a cache miss, the line with an RRPV equal to the maximum possible RRPV is evicted; with 3-bit values, a line with an RRPV of 2 3 - 1 = 7 is evicted. If no lines have this value, all RRPVs in the set are ...
The resulting load on memory use is known as pressure (respectively register pressure, cache pressure, and (main) memory pressure). Terms for data being missing from a higher level and needing to be fetched from a lower level are, respectively: register spilling (due to register pressure : register to cache), cache miss (cache to main memory ...
A browser's cache stores temporary website files which allows the site to load faster in future sessions. This data will be recreated every time you visit the webpage, though at times it can become corrupted. Clearing the cache deletes these files and fixes problems like outdated pages, websites freezing, and pages not loading or being ...
Intel Turbo Boost 2.0 [5] [6] [7] 32 KB data + 32 KB instruction L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core [8] Shared L3 cache which includes the processor graphics ; 64-byte cache line size; New μOP cache, up to 1536-entry; Improved 3 integer ALU, 2 vector ALU and 2 AGU per core [9] [10] Two load/store operations per CPU cycle for each memory channel