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  2. History of physical training and fitness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_physical...

    Mallinckrodt, Rebekka von, and Angela Schattner, eds. Sports and Physical Exercise in Early Modern Culture: New Perspectives on the History of Sports and Motion (2017) Mechikoff, Robert A. A history and philosophy of sport and physical education: from ancient civilizations to the modern world (McGraw-Hill, 2014) Tsai, Chiung-Tzu Lucetta, and ...

  3. Aerobics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobics

    An aerobics class. Aerobic dances are musical fitness routines in which an instructor choreographs several short dance combinations and teaches them to a class. This is usually achieved by teaching the class one to two movements at a time and repeating the movements until the class is able to join the whole choreography together.

  4. Physical culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_culture

    During the early and mid-19th century, these printed works and items of apparatus generally addressed exercise as a form of remedial physical therapy. Certain items of equipment and types of exercise were common to several different physical culture systems, including exercises with Indian clubs, medicine balls, wooden or iron wands and dumbbells.

  5. Indian physical culture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_physical_culture

    Physical fitness was prized in traditional Hindu thought, with cultivation of the body (dehvada) seen as one path to full self-realization. [2] [3] Buddhist universities such as Nalanda taught various forms of physical culture, such as swimming and archery, [4] with Buddha himself having been well-acquainted with martial activities prior to his enlightenment. [5]

  6. Pilates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilates

    It has clear connections with the physical culture of the late nineteenth century, such as the use of special apparatuses, and claims that the exercises could cure ill health. It is also related to the tradition of "corrective exercise" or "medical gymnastics" as typified by Pehr Henrik Ling. A reformer Pilates class.

  7. Kinesiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesiology

    Adaptation through exercise is a key principle of kinesiology that relates to improved fitness in athletes as well as health and wellness in clinical populations. Exercise is a simple and established intervention for many movement disorders and musculoskeletal conditions due to the neuroplasticity of the brain [ 17 ] and the adaptability of the ...

  8. Calisthenics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calisthenics

    School children perform sit-ups, a common type of calisthenic, during a school fitness day.. Calisthenics (American English) or callisthenics (British English) (/ ˌ k æ l ɪ s ˈ θ ɛ n ɪ k s /) is a form of strength training that utilizes an individual's body weight as resistance to perform multi-joint, compound movements with little or no equipment.

  9. Physical fitness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_fitness

    Physical fitness is achieved through exercise, among other factors.Photo shows Rich Froning Jr., four-time winner of "Fittest Man on Earth" title.. Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities.