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In this case, the voltage refers to the voltage across a biological membrane, a membrane potential, and the current is the flow of charged ions through channels in this membrane. The current is determined by the conductances of these channels. In the case of ionic current across biological membranes, currents are measured from inside to outside.
No Liquid Nitrogen is used. During non-contact, non-destructive imaging of room temperature samples in air, the system achieves a raw, unprocessed spatial resolution equal to the distance separating the sensor from the current or the effective size of the sensor, whichever is larger.
The white "special notice" area can contain several symbols. The following symbols are defined by the NFPA 704 standard. OX: Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply (e.g., potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide). W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner (e.g., caesium, sodium, diborane ...
Electro-optical sensors are electronic detectors that convert light, or a change in light, into an electronic signal. These sensors are able to detect electromagnetic radiation from the infrared down to the ultraviolet wavelengths. [ 1 ]
The conventional secondary electron detector of SEM (Everhart–Thornley detector) cannot be used in the presence of gas because of an electrical discharge (arcing) caused by the kilovolt bias associated with this detector. In lieu of this, the environmental gas itself has been used as a detector for imaging in this mode:
Charge coupled device (CCD) cameras were first applied to transmission electron microscopy in the 1980s and later became widespread. [3] [4] For use in a TEM, CCDs are typically coupled with a scintillator such as single crystal Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) in which electrons from the electron beam are converted to photons, which are then transferred to the sensor of the CCD via a fiber ...
The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect current sensor; the only difference is that this method uses the saturable inductor instead of the Hall-effect sensor in the air gap. Saturable inductor current sensor is based on the detection of an inductance change. The saturable inductor is ...
ISO 14617 Graphical symbols for diagrams is a library of graphical symbols for diagrams used in technical applications. [1] ISO 14617 consists of the following parts: Part 1: General information and indexes; Part 2: Symbols having general application; Part 3: Connections and related devices; Part 4: Actuators and related devices