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Between the stem and the inflectional endings that are common across most verbs, there may be a vowel, which in the case of the -er verbs is a silent -e-(in the simple present singular), -é or -ai (in the past participle and the je form of the simple past), and -a-(in the rest of simple past singular and in the past subjunctive).
The base form or plain form of an English verb is not marked by any inflectional ending.. Certain derivational suffixes are frequently used to form verbs, such as -en (sharpen), -ate (formulate), -fy (electrify), and -ise/ize (realise/realize), but verbs with those suffixes are nonetheless considered to be base-form verbs.
It is formed with the present tense of have (have or has), the past participle of be (been), and the present participle of the main verb and the ending -ing. This construction is used for ongoing action in the past that continues right up to the present or has recently finished:
The present participle is used in subordinate clauses, usually with en: "Je marche, en parlant". Past participles are used as qualifiers for nouns: "la table cassée " (the broken table); to form compound tenses such as the perfect "Vous avez dit " (you have said) and to form the passive voice: "il a été tué " (he/it has been killed).
The passé composé is formed by the auxiliary verb, usually the avoir auxiliary, followed by the past participle.The construction is parallel to that of the present perfect (there is no difference in French between perfect and non-perfect forms - although there is an important difference in usage between the perfect tense and the imperfect tense).