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If the direction of derivative is not repeated, it is called a mixed partial derivative. If all mixed second order partial derivatives are continuous at a point (or on a set), f is termed a C 2 function at that point (or on that set); in this case, the partial derivatives can be exchanged by Clairaut's theorem:
In mathematics, matrix calculus is a specialized notation for doing multivariable calculus, especially over spaces of matrices.It collects the various partial derivatives of a single function with respect to many variables, and/or of a multivariate function with respect to a single variable, into vectors and matrices that can be treated as single entities.
The partial derivative generalizes the notion of the derivative to higher dimensions. A partial derivative of a multivariable function is a derivative with respect to one variable with all other variables held constant. [1]: 26ff A partial derivative may be thought of as the directional derivative of the function along a coordinate axis.
This definition coincides with the classical derivative for functions | | (), and can be extended to a type of generalized functions called distributions, the dual space of test functions. Weak derivatives are particularly useful in the study of partial differential equations, and within parts of functional analysis.
The Leibniz rule bears a strong resemblance to the binomial theorem, and in fact the binomial theorem can be proven directly from the Leibniz rule by taking () = and () =, which gives ( a + b ) n e ( a + b ) x = e ( a + b ) x ∑ k = 0 n ( n k ) a n − k b k , {\displaystyle (a+b)^{n}e^{(a+b)x}=e^{(a+b)x}\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\binom {n}{k}}a^{n-k}b ...
In calculus, the chain rule is a formula that expresses the derivative of the composition of two differentiable functions f and g in terms of the derivatives of f and g.More precisely, if = is the function such that () = (()) for every x, then the chain rule is, in Lagrange's notation, ′ = ′ (()) ′ (). or, equivalently, ′ = ′ = (′) ′.
In calculus, the Leibniz integral rule for differentiation under the integral sign, named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, states that for an integral of the form () (,), where < (), < and the integrands are functions dependent on , the derivative of this integral is expressible as (() (,)) = (, ()) (, ()) + () (,) where the partial derivative indicates that inside the integral, only the ...
The partial derivative with respect to a variable is an R-derivation on the algebra of real-valued differentiable functions on R n. The Lie derivative with respect to a vector field is an R -derivation on the algebra of differentiable functions on a differentiable manifold ; more generally it is a derivation on the tensor algebra of a manifold.