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Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]
An algorithm is fundamentally a set of rules or defined procedures that is typically designed and used to solve a specific problem or a broad set of problems.. Broadly, algorithms define process(es), sets of rules, or methodologies that are to be followed in calculations, data processing, data mining, pattern recognition, automated reasoning or other problem-solving operations.
Used in digital computer systems. Graph theory – Foundations for data structures and searching algorithms. Mathematical logic – Boolean logic and other ways of modeling logical queries; the uses and limitations of formal proof methods. Number theory – Theory of the integers. Used in cryptography as well as a test domain in artificial ...
Machine learning is a scientific discipline that deals with the construction and study of algorithms that can learn from data. [27] Such algorithms operate by building a model based on inputs [28]: 2 and using that to make predictions or decisions, rather than following only explicitly programmed instructions.
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. [1] [2] [3] Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software).
The theory of computation can be considered the creation of models of all kinds in the field of computer science. Therefore, mathematics and logic are used. In the last century, it separated from mathematics and became an independent academic discipline with its own conferences such as FOCS in 1960 and STOC in 1969, and its own awards such as the IMU Abacus Medal (established in 1981 as the ...
As a result, rule-based systems can support high-performance computation, especially if they take advantage of optimization algorithms and compilation. [9] On the other hand, logic programming, which combines the Horn clause subset of first-order logic with a non-monotonic form of negation, has both high expressive power and efficient ...
The NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [1] is a reference work maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology. It defines a large number of terms relating to algorithms and data structures. For algorithms and data structures not necessarily mentioned here, see list of algorithms and list of data structures.