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Since α,β-unsaturated compounds are electrophiles and alkylating agents, many α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are toxic. The endogenous scavenger compound glutathione naturally protects from toxic electrophiles in the body. Some drugs (amifostine, N-acetylcysteine) containing thiol groups may protect from such harmful alkylation.
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug. It was the best-selling minor tranquilizer for a time, but has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepines due to their wider therapeutic index (lower risk of toxicity at therapeutically prescribed doses) and lower incidence of serious side effects.
Many electrophiles are chiral and optically stable. Typically chiral electrophiles are also optically pure. One such reagent is the fructose-derived organocatalyst used in the Shi epoxidation. [11] The catalyst can accomplish highly enantioselective epoxidations of trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are diuretic drugs that work primarily on the kidneys. They decrease sodium reabsorption , which leads to increased water excretion by the kidneys . [ 2 ] By regulating water excretion, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists lower blood pressure and reduce fluid around the heart which can be very ...
There has been increasing attention in recent years surrounding the use of aphrodisiac drugs. [12] In 2020, Brian Earp and Julian Savulescu published a philosophy book entitled Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships (UK title Love Is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships). They argued that certain forms of medications can ...
New drugs to treat debilitating menopause symptoms — namely hot flashes — are finally on the market or are in development. But doctors say insurance companies either won’t pay for them or ...
Discover how senior weight lifting can help women over 60 build strength, bone health, and stay independent with tips to start, and beginner-friendly moves. Experts Say Weight Lifting Is The ...
Potassium channel blockers exhibit reverse use-dependent prolongation of the action potential duration. Reverse use dependence is the effect where the efficacy of the drug is reduced after repeated use of the tissue. [11] This contrasts with (ordinary) use dependence, where the efficacy of the drug is increased after repeated use of the tissue.