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The wild apple is a deciduous small to medium-sized tree, but can also grow into a multi-stemmed bush. It can live 80–100 years and grow up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall with trunk diameters of usually 23–45 centimetres (9– 17 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches), although diameters exceeding 90 cm (35 in) have been recorded. [2]
The fruit is a globose pome, varying in size from 1–4 cm (1 ⁄ 2 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) in diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) in M. sylvestris sieversii, 8 cm (3 in) in M. domestica, and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples.
Its fruit is the largest of any species of Malus except domestica, up to 7 cm in diameter, equal in size to many modern apple cultivars. Unlike domesticated varieties, its leaves go red in autumn: 62% of the trees in the wild do this compared to only 2.8% of the regular apple plant or the 2,170 English cultivated varieties. [6]
Apple (Malus domestica) – mostly Malus sieversii, but with some cultivars perhaps belonging to Malus sylvestris or being a hybrid of the two. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) – Prunus brigantina; Avocado (Persea americana) – Persea schiedeana; Banana – Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa schizocarpa [22]
The MN55 cultivar apple developed by David Bedford, a senior researcher and research pomologist at the University of Minnesota's apple-breeding program, and James Luby, PhD, professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Horticultural Research Center, is a cross between Honeycrisp and MonArk (AA44), a non-patented apple variety grown in Arkansas.
Malus coronaria often is a bushy shrub with rigid, contorted branches, but frequently becomes a small tree up to 10 metres (33 feet) tall, with a broad open crown. Its flowering time is about two weeks later than that of the domestic apple, and its fragrant fruit clings to the branches on clustered stems long after the leaves have fallen. [4]
Nonetheless, the species is clearly closely related to both the domestic apple (Malus domestica) and the European wild apple (M. sylvestris), and could still turn out to be a distinctive local race of the latter. [2] The species epiphet honours Francesco Giulio Crescimanno, arborist and professor at the University of Palermo. [2]
The Malling series is a group of rootstocks for grafting apple trees.It was developed at the East Malling Research Station of the South-Eastern Agricultural College at Wye in Kent, England.