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Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), or anxious personality disorder, is a cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive social anxiety and inhibition, fear of intimacy (despite an intense desire for it), severe feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, and an overreliance on avoidance of feared stimuli (e.g., self-imposed social isolation) as a maladaptive coping method. [1]
Stonewalling is an unhealthy communication pattern in which one partner refuses to engage during an argument. Experts weigh in why it happens and how to fix it. What Is Stonewalling?
An example of the fear-avoidance model, anxiety sensitivity stems from the fear that the symptoms of anxiety will lead to harmful social and physical effects. As a result, the individual delays the situation by avoiding any stimuli related to pain-inducing situations and activities, becoming restricted in normal daily function.
Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. [1]
The five factor model has been shown to significantly predict all 10 personality disorder symptoms and outperform the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in the prediction of borderline, avoidant, and dependent personality disorder symptoms.
[59] [60] Avoidant personality disorder is likewise highly correlated with SAD, with comorbidity rates ranging from 25% to 89%. [55] [61] [62] To try to reduce their anxiety and alleviate depression, people with social phobia may use alcohol or other drugs, which can lead to substance use disorders.
Common symptoms include hypervigilance, flashbacks, avoidant behaviors, anxiety, anger, and depression. [34] In addition, individuals may experience sleep disturbances. [35] People who have PTSD often try to detach themselves from their friends and family and have difficulty maintaining these close relationships.
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