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Raspberry ketone occurs in a variety of fruits, including raspberries, cranberries, and blackberries. [3] It is detected and released by orchid flowers, e.g. Dendrobium superbum (syn D. anosmum), [4] and several Bulbophyllum species [5] [6] [7] to attract raspberry ketone-responsive male Dacini fruit flies.
Butanone, also known as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or ethyl methyl ketone, [a] is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 C(O)CH 2 CH 3. This colorless liquid ketone has a sharp, sweet odor reminiscent of acetone .
In some bacteria, acetoin can also be reduced to 2,3-butanediol by acetoin reductase/2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase. The Voges-Proskauer test is a commonly used microbiological test for acetoin production. [4]
The enzyme 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase (DHBP synthase) (RibB) EC 4.1.99.12 catalyses the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate, the latter serving as the biosynthetic precursor for the xylene ring of riboflavin. [1]
HPPD also catalyzes the conversion of phenylpyruvate to 2-hydroxyphenylacetate and the conversion of α-ketoisocaproate to β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. [2] [3] HPPD is an enzyme that is found in nearly all aerobic forms of life. [4] This reaction shows the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate by HPPD.
4-Hydroxyphenylacetone is the para-hydroxy analog of phenylacetone, an inactive metabolite of amphetamine in humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] When it occurs as a metabolite of amphetamine, it is produced directly from the inactive metabolite phenylacetone .
4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (C 9 H 16 O 2), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells. 4-HNE is the primary α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal formed in this process. It is a colorless oil.
Butyrophenone is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 C(O)C 3 H 7.It is a colorless liquid. The butyrophenone structure—a ketone flanked by a phenyl ring and a butyl chain—forms the basis for many other chemicals containing various substituents.