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  2. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    The rotation group is a Lie group of rotations about a fixed point. This (common) fixed point or center is called the center of rotation and is usually identified with the origin. The rotation group is a point stabilizer in a broader group of (orientation-preserving) motions. For a particular rotation: The axis of rotation is a line of its ...

  3. Coin rotation paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_rotation_paradox

    The outer coin makes two rotations rolling once around the inner coin. The path of a single point on the edge of the moving coin is a cardioid.. The coin rotation paradox is the counter-intuitive math problem that, when one coin is rolled around the rim of another coin of equal size, the moving coin completes not one but two full rotations after going all the way around the stationary coin ...

  4. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle .

  5. Euler angles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_angles

    Expressing rotations in 3D as unit quaternions instead of matrices has some advantages: Concatenating rotations is computationally faster and numerically more stable. Extracting the angle and axis of rotation is simpler. Interpolation is more straightforward. See for example slerp. Quaternions do not suffer from gimbal lock as Euler angles do.

  6. Axis–angle representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis–angle_representation

    The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...

  7. Quaternions and spatial rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial...

    A rotation can be represented by a unit-length quaternion q = (w, r →) with scalar (real) part w and vector (imaginary) part r →. The rotation can be applied to a 3D vector v → via the formula = + (+). This requires only 15 multiplications and 15 additions to evaluate (or 18 multiplications and 12 additions if the factor of 2 is done via ...

  8. Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations_in_4-dimensional...

    Rotations in 3D space are made mathematically much more tractable by the use of spherical coordinates. Any rotation in 3D can be characterized by a fixed axis of rotation and an invariant plane perpendicular to that axis. Without loss of generality, we can take the xy-plane as the invariant plane and the z-axis as the fixed axis.

  9. Givens rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givens_rotation

    In numerical linear algebra, a Givens rotation is a rotation in the plane spanned by two coordinates axes. Givens rotations are named after Wallace Givens , who introduced them to numerical analysts in the 1950s while he was working at Argonne National Laboratory .

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