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The antibody cocktail binds to cytokeratin 1 - 8, 10, 14 - 16 and 19 (but not CK17 or CK18). [1] It is therefore used as a marker of carcinomas, such as depth of invasion and metastases. [1] For example, it is both relatively sensitive and specific for detection of breast cancer metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes. [3]
The term cytokeratin began to be used in the late 1970s, when the protein subunits of keratin intermediate filaments inside cells were first being identified and characterized. [2] In 2006 a new systematic nomenclature for mammalian keratins was created, and the proteins previously called cytokeratins are simply called keratins (human ...
Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) is a biomarker that has emerged as a valuable tool in distinguishing epithelioid pleural mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma. In a study comparing its effectiveness with other markers, CK5/6 showed high sensitivity, staining positively in 92% of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma cases.
34βE12, often written as 34betaE12 and also known as CK34βE12 and keratin 903 (CK903), is an antibody specific for high molecular weight cytokeratins 1, 5, 10 and 14. [1] [2]It is sometimes, less precisely, referred to as high-molecular weight keratin (HMWK) and high-molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK).
Pan-cancer studies aim to detect the genes whose mutation is conducive to oncogenesis, as well as recurrent genomic events or aberrations between different tumors.For these studies, it is necessary to standardize the data between multiple platforms, establishing criteria between different researchers to work on the data and present the results.
Small CTCs are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative, but with sizes and shapes similar to white blood cells. Importantly, small CTCs have cancer-specific biomarkers that identify them as CTCs. Small CTCs have been implicated in progressive disease and differentiation into small cell carcinomas, which often require a different therapeutic course.
Keratin 5 serves as a biomarker for several different types of cancer, including breast and lung cancers. [10] [11] It is often tested in conjunction with keratin 6, using CK5/6 antibodies, which target both keratin forms. [19] Basal-like breast cancers tend to have poorer outcomes than other types of breast cancer due to a lack of targeted ...
The Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay is one such test used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence. This test is intended for women with early-stage (Stage I or II), node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive breast cancer who will be treated with hormone therapy.