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Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs.
Among identical twins, if one is affected there is a 24% chance the other one will also develop the disease. [1] Female sex hormones, sunlight, smoking, vitamin D deficiency, and certain infections are also believed to increase a person's risk. [5] The mechanism involves an immune response by autoantibodies against a person's own tissues. [1]
Alright so the last two have to do with specific antibodies being found in the blood, the first one being antinuclear antibody, which we already went through. Now a large proportion of patients with lupus have these, meaning this test is very sensitive, but this test isn’t very specific, since these are seen in other autoimmune diseases.
The Lupus Foundation of America estimates at least 1.5 million people are living with lupus in the United States. Symptoms may come and go, and can affect different organs in different people.
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) (also known as latent lupus or incomplete lupus [1]) is a disease in which the connective tissues are targeted by the immune system. It is a serological and clinical manifestation of an autoimmune disease .
Scientists have long suspected that a person’s genetics or hormones may predispose them to lupus, and that the disease may be triggered by environmental factors like a previous viral infection ...
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., cSLE), also termed juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, and pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, is a form of the chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (i.e., SLE), that develops in individuals up to 18 years old. [1]
Thus, one or more of the following tests are generally performed to detect lupus anticoagulant if a high suspicion remains, and/or specify lupus anticoagulant as the cause of an abnormal mixing test: Phospholipid-sensitive functional clotting testing, such as the dilute Russell's viper venom time, Kaolin clotting time, or silica clotting time. [13]