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(VFR squawk code for airspace 5,000 feet (1,500 m) and below prior to 15 March 2007 when replaced by the international 7000 code for VFR traffic.) [5] 0022 Germany (VFR squawk code for airspace above 5,000 feet (1,500 m) – prior to 15 March 2007 when replaced by the international 7000 code for VFR traffic.) [5] 0025 Germany
A discrete transponder code (often called a squawk code) is assigned by air traffic controllers to identify an aircraft uniquely in a flight information region (FIR). This allows easy identification of aircraft on radar. [6] [7] Codes are made of four octal digits; the dials on a transponder read from zero to seven, inclusive. Four octal digits ...
The callsign is primarily administered by the United States Navy for military flight operations on the East Coast. [1] The call sign is utilized by military air traffic controllers responsible for flight operations within restricted military airspace or to direct military air craft that is transiting civilian airspace.
The antenna system of a typical air traffic control radar, the ASR-9. The curved reflector antenna on the bottom is the primary surveillance radar (PSR), and the flat antenna on top of it is the secondary surveillance radar (SSR). In operation the antenna rotates about a vertical axis, sweeping a vertical fan-shaped beam of microwaves around ...
Military mode Civilian mode Description 1: Provides 2-digit 5-bit mission code (cockpit selectable) [1] 2: Provides 4-digit octal unit code (set on ground for fighters, can be changed in flight by transport aircraft) [1] 3: A: Provides a 4-digit octal identification code for the aircraft, set in the cockpit but assigned by the air traffic ...
Military aircraft also use a dedicated UHF-AM band from 225.0 to 399.95 MHz for air-to-air and air-to-ground, including air traffic control communication. This band has a designated emergency and guard channel of 243.0 MHz. [2] [8] Radio aeronautical navigation aids use other frequencies.
Air traffic control: ATCC Air traffic control centre ATCO Air traffic controller ATCT Airport traffic control tower: ATCRBS Air traffic control radar beacon system: ATCSS Air traffic control signalling system ATD Actual time of departure Equivalent to off-block time [7] ATE Advanced Technology Engine: ATF Aerodrome traffic frequency ATFM Air ...
IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.