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The green tides caused by the overgrowth of Ulva prolifera in the Yellow Sea of China have been occurring every summer since 2007. The green tide is a major environmental concern that involves the impacts from natural, anthropogenic, physicochemical and algae factors along with the warming of local water.
Ulvaria obscura is a common marine algae, typically identified in algal blooms referred to as "Green Tides". [3] [4] The species is distinct in its ability to produce the neurotransmitter dopamine as a herbivore defense mechanism.
Green tide, a phenomenon of excessive green algae in a certain area, is mainly caused by Ulva spp. [22] In Jeju Island and its coastal areas of South Korea, Ulva australis, a specie of Ulva spp., has caused serious ecological and marine pollution. Therefore, it is imminent to resolve the issue.
The sea lettuces comprise the genus Ulva, a group of edible green algae that is widely distributed along the coasts of the world's oceans. The type species within the genus Ulva is Ulva lactuca , lactuca being Latin for "lettuce".
Ulva species have been reported as a dominant species leading to blooms of green macroalgae often referred to as “green tides.” These green tides and marine fouling are attributed to their thallus morphological characteristics, fast growth rates in eutrophic ecosystems, and rapid uptake and assimilation of nutrients. [ 8 ]
The marine iguana forages almost exclusively on red and green algae in the inter- and subtidal zones. [5] [55] At least 10 genera of algae are regularly consumed, including the red algae Centroceras, Gelidium, Grateloupia, Hypnea, Polysiphonia and Pterocladiella. In some populations the green algae Ulva dominates the diet.
Ulva intestinalis is a green alga in the family Ulvaceae, known by the common names sea lettuce, green bait weed, gutweed, [1] and grass kelp. [2] Until they were reclassified by genetic work completed in the early 2000s, the tubular members of the sea lettuce genus Ulva were placed in the genus Enteromorpha .
The rapid formation of algal mats can result in harmful algal blooms (HABs), also known as red tides or green tides. HABs have been known to produce a wide range of toxins, with newer toxins discovered frequently, which makes the task of understanding these phenomena increasingly difficult.