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The gyroklystron is a microwave amplifier with operation dependent on the cyclotron resonance condition. [13] Similarly to the klystron, its operation depends on the modulation of the electron beam, but instead of axial bunching the modulation forces alter the cyclotron frequency and hence the azimuthal component of motion, resulting in phase ...
There are a number of RF amplifier tubes that operate in a similar fashion to the TWT, known collectively as velocity-modulated tubes. The best known example is the klystron. All of these tubes use the same basic "bunching" of electrons to provide the amplification process, and differ largely in what process causes the velocity modulation to occur.
Microwave signals are normally limited to the line of sight, so long-distance transmission using these signals requires a series of repeaters forming a microwave relay network. It is possible to use microwave signals in over-the-horizon communications using tropospheric scatter , but such systems are expensive and generally used only in ...
Extended Interaction Oscillator (EIO) diagram. The extended interaction oscillator [1] (EIO) is a linear-beam vacuum tube [2] designed to convert direct current to RF power. [3] The conversion mechanism is the space charge wave process [4] whereby velocity modulation in an electron beam transforms to current or density modulation with distance.
As they pass through the holes, the signal within the resonator causes the electrons to "bunch up", a process known as velocity-modulation. The resulting electron beam is an amplified version of the original signal. In a conventional klystron, this signal is then captured and used as the output.
The M-type carcinotron, or M-type backward wave oscillator, uses crossed static electric field E and magnetic field B, similar to the magnetron, for focussing an electron sheet beam drifting perpendicularly to E and B, along a slow-wave circuit, with a velocity E/B. Strong interaction occurs when the phase velocity of one space harmonic of the ...
Wireless Engineering Research and Education Center is one of three research centers. The university also offers a Bachelor of Wireless Engineering degree with a Wireless Electrical Engineering major. [7] [8] [9] Bradley University offers an undergraduate and a graduate degree in its Microwave and Wireless Engineering Program. It has an Advanced ...
The carrier is an RF signal, typically of microwave frequencies, which is usually (but not always) modulated to allow the system to capture the required data. In simple ranging radars, the carrier will be pulse modulated and in continuous wave systems, such as Doppler radar, modulation may not be required.