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The concept of Freshwater Shoreline Management evolved from ideas developed for the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), which emerged from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. [2] In Canada, a coastal zone management plan was completed by 1996 using the ICZM framework. [3]
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), integrated coastal management (ICM), or integrated coastal planning is a coastal management process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub. L. 92–583, 86 Stat. 1280, enacted October 27, 1972, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451–1464, Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve ...
The 500-foot shoreline plan could be a model for other homeowners with waterfront properties. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290 ...
Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. [1] Protection against rising sea levels in the 21st century is crucial, as sea level rise accelerates due to climate change .
The Coastal Zone Management Program was created by the Coastal Zone Management Act [2] (October 27, 1972). It provides grants to eligible states and territories as an incentive to prepare and implement plans guiding the use of coastal lands and resources. Thirty-four of the 35 eligible states and territories are implementing federally approved ...
Hard shoreline engineering is the use of non-organic reinforcing materials, such as concrete, steel, and plastic to fortify shorelines, stop erosion, and protect urban development from flooding. However, as shoreline development among coastal cities increased dramatically, the detrimental ecological factors became apparent.
Soft engineering – Shoreline management based on sustainability principles; Coastal morphodynamics – Interaction of shoreline seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes; Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation – U.S. nonprofit organization (CERF) Human impacts on coasts – Area where land meets the sea or ocean