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ChIP-sequencing, also known as ChIP-seq, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA. ChIP-seq combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify the binding sites of DNA-associated proteins. It can be used to map global binding sites precisely for any protein of interest.
The cost and accessibility of ChIP-seq is a major disadvantage, which has led to the more predominant use of ChIP-chip in laboratories across the world. [2] This photo compares the efficacy of the two experimental techniques, ChIP-seq and ChIP-chip. Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of NChIP and XChIP
The ChIA-PET method combines ChIP-based methods, [2] and Chromosome conformation capture (3C) based methods, [3] to extend the capabilities of both approaches. ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a popular method used to identify transciption factor binding sites (TFBS) while 3C has been used to identify long-range chromatin interactions.
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The term was coined by The Economist [3] and is named after author Rob Carlson. [1]Carlson curves illustrate the rapid (in some cases above exponential growth) decreases in cost, and increases in performance, of a variety of technologies, including DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis and a range of physical and computational tools used in protein production and in determining protein structures.
The cost of the DNA microarrays is often a limiting factor to whether a laboratory should proceed with a ChIP-on-chip experiment. Another limitation is the size of DNA fragments that can be achieved. Most ChIP-on-chip protocols utilize sonication as a method of breaking up DNA into small pieces.
Recent advances in chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing have provided powerful ways to identify genome-wide profiling of DNA-binding proteins and histone modifications. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The application of ChIP-seq methods has reliably discovered transcription factor binding sites and histone modification sites.
Wilbanks and colleagues [3] is a survey of the ChIP-seq peak callers, and Bailey et al. [4] is a description of practical guidelines for peak calling in ChIP-seq data. Peak calling may be conducted on transcriptome/exome as well to RNA epigenome sequencing data from MeRIPseq [ 5 ] or m6Aseq [ 6 ] for detection of post-transcriptional RNA ...