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In chemistry, the pentazenium cation (also known as pentanitrogen) is a positively-charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula N + 5 and structure N−N−N−N−N.Together with solid nitrogen polymers and the azide anion, it is one of only three poly-nitrogen species obtained in bulk quantities.
In chemistry, azide (/ ˈ eɪ z aɪ d /, AY-zyd) is a linear, polyatomic anion with the formula N − 3 and structure − N=N + =N −. It is the conjugate base of hydrazoic acid HN 3. Organic azides are organic compounds with the formula RN 3, containing the azide functional group. [1] The dominant application of azides is as a propellant in ...
Ewald summation, named after Paul Peter Ewald, is a method for computing long-range interactions (e.g. electrostatic interactions) in periodic systems.It was first developed as the method for calculating the electrostatic energies of ionic crystals, and is now commonly used for calculating long-range interactions in computational chemistry.
The 15 N: 14 N ratio is commonly used in stable isotope analysis in the fields of geochemistry, hydrology, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography, where it is called δ 15 N. [40] Of the thirteen other isotopes produced synthetically, ranging from 9 N to 23 N, 13 N has a half-life of ten minutes and the remaining isotopes have half-lives less ...
Change in volume with increasing ethanol fraction. The molar volume of a substance i is defined as its molar mass divided by its density ρ i 0: , = For an ideal mixture containing N components, the molar volume of the mixture is the weighted sum of the molar volumes of its individual components.
In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
The diatomic character of the N 2 molecule is retained after liquefaction. The weak van der Waals interaction between the N 2 molecules results in little interatomic attraction. This is the cause of nitrogen's unusually low boiling point. [1]
As a linear and symmetric molecule, it has D ∞h symmetry, with a nitrogen–nitrogen bond length averaging 1.8115 Å. The first excited electronic state, A 2 Σ u, is 4.56 eV above the ground state. [1] The cyclic form was identified in 2003 by N. Hansen and A. M. Wodtke using ultraviolet photolysis of chlorine azide. Although the reaction ...