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By Hammer and Hand: The Arts and Crafts Movement in Birmingham, ed. Alan Crawford, Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery 1984, pp. 125–6 "Margaret Agnes Rope (1883-1953): A new perspective on a unique stained glass artist", by Marian Crenshaw Austin, MA thesis in Stained Glass Conservation and Heritage Management, University of York, England, 2010
A very important advance in glass manufacture was the technique of adding lead oxide to the molten glass; this improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal as a furnace fuel. This technique also increased the "working period" of the glass, making it easier to manipulate.
In his corner office at Corning Inc.’s towering steel-and-glass headquarters in Corning, N.Y., CEO Wendell Weeks keeps a small, yellowed piece of paper in a dark wood frame behind his desk ...
A stained glass window is a window composed of pieces of colored glass, transparent, translucent or opaque, frequently portraying persons or scenes. Typically the glass in these windows is separated by lead glazing bars. Stained glass windows were popular in Victorian houses and some Wrightian houses, and are especially common in churches. [24]
Until the 20th century, window glass production involved blowing a cylinder and flattening it. [9] Two major methods to make window glass, the crown method and the cylinder method, were used until the process was changed much later in the 1920s. [10] All glass products must then be cooled gradually , or else they could easily break. [11]
An 1884 United States government report used glassware, bottles, windows, and plate glass as major categories—although plate glass accounted for only four percent of the value of all glass made. Although window glass was made using the Crown method or the Cylinder method at the start of the century, the cylinder method was dominant by mid ...
While most of the work of Wailes' workshop is to be found in the North of England, other commissions came from further afield. The most significant window glazed by the firm, and one of the prize commissions of the industry, was the glazing of the west window of Gloucester Cathedral, an enormous window of c.1430 in the Perpendicular Gothic style, of nine lights and four tiers.
The windows made by Louis Comfort Tiffany, such as those made for the "Education" window at the Yale University Library (1887–90) were particularly lavish, with painted figures. Later, as in his stained glass window of Oyster Bay, he used the Favrile glass process that he patented, in which the molten glass was tinted with metallic oxides to ...