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There are typically four classes (or types) of PFFD, ranging from class A to class D, as detailed by Aitken. [4] [5]Type A — The femur bone is slightly shorter on the proximal end (near the hip), and the femoral head (the ball of the thigh bone that goes into the hip socket) may not be solid enough to be seen on X-rays at birth, but later hardens (ossifies).
Congenital amputation is birth without a limb or limbs, or without a part of a limb or limbs.. It is known to be caused by blood clots forming in the fetus while in utero (vascular insult) and from amniotic band syndrome: fibrous bands of the amnion that constrict fetal limbs to such an extent that they fail to form or actually fall off due to missing blood supply.
As an acquired condition it has been linked to traditions of swaddling infants, [20] use of overly restrictive baby seats, carriers and other methods of transporting babies, [21] or use of a cradle board which locks the hip joint in an "adducted" position (pulling the knees together tends to pull the heads of the femur bone out of the sockets ...
IV) partially fused femur, fused fibula V) partially fused femur VI) fused femur, fused tibia VII) fused femur, tibia absent. Sirenomelia is classified by the skeletal structure of the lower limb, ranging from class I, where all bones are present and only the soft tissues are fused, to class VII where the only bone present is a fused femur. [1]
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The appendicular skeleton, comprising the arms and legs, including the shoulder and pelvic girdles, contains 126 bones, bringing the total for the entire skeleton to 206 bones. Infants are born with about 270 bones [4] with most of it being cartilage, but will later fuse together and decrease over time to 206 bones.
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