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  2. Gamma ray - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray

    A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from high energy interactions like the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei or astronomical events like solar flares. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays.

  3. Electromagnetic spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

    Gamma rays, at the high-frequency end of the spectrum, have the highest photon energies and the shortest wavelengths—much smaller than an atomic nucleus. Gamma rays, X-rays, and extreme ultraviolet rays are called ionizing radiation because their high photon energy is able to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Longer-wavelength ...

  4. Terrestrial gamma-ray flash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_gamma-ray_flash

    Artist's conception of gamma-ray flash and related phenomena. The red dots show some of the ~500 terrestrial gamma-ray flashes daily detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope through 2010. A terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), also known as dark lightning, is a burst of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere.

  5. Absorption band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_band

    Absorptions bands in the Earth's atmosphere created by greenhouse gases and the resulting effects on transmitted radiation.. In spectroscopy, an absorption band is a range of wavelengths, frequencies or energies in the electromagnetic spectrum that are characteristic of a particular transition from initial to final state in a substance.

  6. Atmospheric window - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_window

    Out of an average 340 watts per square meter (W/m 2) of solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere, about 200 W/m 2 reaches the surface via windows, mostly the optical and infrared. Also, out of about 340 W/m 2 of reflected shortwave (105 W/m 2 ) plus outgoing longwave radiation (235 W/m 2 ), 80-100 W/m 2 exits to space through the infrared ...

  7. Radiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation

    Gamma radiation detected in an isopropanol cloud chamber. Gamma (γ) radiation consists of photons with a wavelength less than 3 × 10 −11 m (greater than 10 19 Hz and 41.4 keV). [4] Gamma radiation emission is a nuclear process that occurs to rid an unstable nucleus of excess energy after most nuclear reactions. Both alpha and beta particles ...

  8. Gamma spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_spectroscopy

    Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement. [1] Most radioactive sources produce gamma rays, which are of various energies and intensities. When these emissions are detected and analyzed with a spectroscopy system, a gamma-ray energy spectrum can be produced.

  9. Gamma-ray spectrometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_spectrometer

    A gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) is an instrument for measuring the distribution (or spectrum—see figure) of the intensity of gamma radiation versus the energy of each photon. The study and analysis of gamma-ray spectra for scientific and technical use is called gamma spectroscopy , and gamma-ray spectrometers are the instruments which observe ...