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Biblical cosmology is the biblical writers' conception of the cosmos as an organised, structured entity, including its origin, order, meaning and destiny. [1] [2] The Bible was formed over many centuries, involving many authors, and reflects shifting patterns of religious belief; consequently, its cosmology is not always consistent.
Hashamayim ve'et ha'aretz (הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ ): "the heavens and the earth"; this is a merism, a figure of speech indicating the two stand not for "heaven" and "earth" individually but "everything"; the entire cosmos. [3] The Opening of Genesis Chapter 1 from a 1620–21 King James Bible in black letter type ...
The rabbis viewed the heavens to be a solid object spread over the Earth, which was described with the biblical Hebrew word for the firmament, raki’a. Two images were used to describe it: either as a dome, or as a tent; the latter inspired from biblical references, though the latter is without an evident precedent. [38]
The universe of the ancient Israelites was made up of a flat disc-shaped Earth floating on water, heaven above, underworld below. [3] Humans inhabited Earth during life and the underworld after death, and the underworld was morally neutral; [4] only in Hellenistic times (after c.330 BC) did Jews begin to adopt the Greek idea that it would be a place of punishment for misdeeds, and that the ...
The early church fathers, many of whom were taught directly by the Apostles, spoke of three heavens.In the common parlance of the time, the atmosphere where birds fly was considered the first heaven, the space where the stars resided was regarded as the second heaven, and God's abode was deemed the third heaven.
Judaism interprets the visions symbolically, rather than as literal descriptions of heaven. [citation needed] The Biblical author [who?] pictured the earth as a globe of earth and water, with the heavens above and the underworld below. [3] The raqiya , a solid inverted bowl above the earth, coloured blue by the cosmic ocean, kept the waters ...
Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. — Genesis 1:2, New International Version [ 2 ] The words tohu and bohu also occur in parallel in Isaiah 34:11 , which the King James Version translates with the words "confusion" and "emptiness".
Hebrew astronomy refers to any astronomy written in Hebrew or by Hebrew speakers, or translated into Hebrew, or written by Jews in Judeo-Arabic.It includes a range of genres from the earliest astronomy and cosmology contained in the Bible, mainly the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible or "Old Testament"), to Jewish religious works like the Talmud and very technical works.