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Jaundice is commonly caused by conditions such as pancreatic cancer, which causes blockage of the bile duct passing through the cancerous portion of the pancreas; cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts; blockage by a stone in patients with gallstones; and from scarring after injury to the bile duct during gallbladder removal.
The bile duct is some 6–8 cm long, and normally up to 8 mm in diameter. [4]Its proximal supraduodenal part is situated within the free edge of the lesser omentum.Its middle retroduodenal part is oriented inferiorly and right-ward, and is situated posterior to the first part of the duodenum, and anterior to the inferior vena cava.
The function of the common bile duct is to allow bile to travel from the gallbladder to the small intestine, mixing with pancreatic digestive enzymes along the way. [4] One possible complication of choledocholithiasis is an infection of the bile ducts between the liver and the gallstone lodged in the common bile duct.
Although they may not drain any liver parenchyma, they can be a source of a bile leak or biliary peritonitis after cholecystectomy in both adults and children. If an accessory bile duct goes unrecognized at the time of the gallbladder removal, 5–7 days post-operative the patient will develop bile peritonitis, [10] an easily treatable complication with a morbidity rate of 44% if left untreated.
Intrahepatic bile ducts 3. Left and right hepatic ducts 4. Common hepatic duct 5. Cystic duct 6. Common bile duct 7. Ampulla of Vater 8. Major duodenal papilla 9. Gallbladder 10–11. Right and left lobes of liver 12. Spleen 13. Esophagus 14. Stomach 15. Pancreas: 16. Accessory pancreatic duct
Intrahepatic bile ducts compose the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. They can be divided into: [2] Lobar ducts (right and left hepatic ducts) - stratified columnar epithelium. Interlobar ducts (between the main hepatic ducts and the interlobular ducts) - pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
It is formed by the union of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). [3] The duct is about 3 cm long. [4] The common hepatic duct is about 6 mm in diameter in adults, with some variation. [5]
Accessory pancreatic duct; Accessory nail of the fifth toe; Darwin's tubercle; Vein of foramen caecum; Osborne's ligament; Gastropancreatic ligament; Diagonal ear lobe crease; Preauricular sinus; Supernumerary nipple