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Remyelination is the process of propagating oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons in the Central nervous system (CNS). This is a process naturally regulated in the body and tends to be very efficient in a healthy CNS. [ 1 ]
The implementation of this method of study has long allowed for experimental observation of myelinogenesis in a model organism nerve that consists entirely of unmyelinated axons. Furthermore, the use of the rat optic nerve helped provide insight for early myelinogenesis researchers into improper and atypical courses of myelinogenesis.
When a nerve axon is severed, the end still attached to the cell body is labeled the proximal segment, while the other end is called the distal segment. After injury, the proximal end swells and experiences some retrograde degeneration, but once the debris is cleared, it begins to sprout axons and the presence of growth cones can be detected.
Myelin (/ ˈ m aɪ. ə l ɪ n / MY-ə-lin) is a lipid-rich material that surrounds nerve cell axons to insulate them and increase the rate at which electrical impulses (called action potentials) pass along the axon. [1] [2] The myelinated axon can be likened to an electrical wire (the axon) with insulating material (myelin) around it. However ...
In chronic MS lesions where remyelination is incomplete, there is evidence that there are oligodendrocytes with processes extending toward demyelinated axons, but they do not seem to be able to generate new myelin. [63] The mechanisms that regulate differentiation of OPCs into myelinating oligodendrocytes are an active area of research.
MAG is believed to be involved in myelination during nerve regeneration in the PNS [6] and is vital for the long-term survival of the myelinated axons following myelinogenesis. [7] In the CNS MAG is one of three main myelin-associated inhibitors of axonal regeneration after injury, [ 8 ] making it an important protein for future research on ...
Claudette Dion added that the rarity of the condition means there has been scant research into a cure: “The vocal cords are muscles, and the heart is also a muscle. This is what comes to get me.
N-cadherin is expressed in regions of active remyelination and may play an important role in generating a local environment conducive to remyelination. [24] N-cadherin agonists have been identified and observed to stimulate neurite growth and cell migration, key aspects of promoting axon growth and remyelination after injury or disease. [25]