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  2. Accommodation (vertebrate eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_(vertebrate_eye)

    There are many types of accommodation anomalies. It can be broadly classified into two, decreased accommodation and increased accommodation. [50] Decreased accommodation may occur due to physiological (presbyopia), pharmacological (cycloplegia) or pathological. [50] Excessive accommodation and spasm of accommodation are types of increased ...

  3. Accommodation reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

    Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.

  4. Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_reflex

    Pupillary reflex refers to one of the reflexes associated with pupillary function.. The pupillary reflex results in the pupil constricting (left) and dilating (right) These include the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex.

  5. Spasm of accommodation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasm_of_accommodation

    A spasm of accommodation (also known as a ciliary spasm, an accommodation, or accommodative spasm) is a condition in which the ciliary muscle of the eye remains in a constant state of contraction. Normal accommodation allows the eye to "accommodate" for near-vision. However, in a state of perpetual contraction, the ciliary muscle cannot relax ...

  6. Adaptation (eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation_(eye)

    Once an individual enters a dark setting most of their rod cells will already be accommodated to the dark and be able to transmit visual signals to the brain without an accommodation period. [ 30 ] The concept of red lenses for dark adaptation is based upon experimentation by Antoine Béclère and his early work with radiology.

  7. Near point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_point

    In visual perception, the near point is the closest point at which an object can be placed and still form a focused image on the retina, within the eye's accommodation range. The other limit to the eye's accommodation range is the far point. A normal eye is considered to have a near point at about 11 cm (4.3 in) for a thirty year old. [1]

  8. Pupillary light reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex

    The pupil is the dark circular opening in the center of the iris and is where light enters the eye. By analogy with a camera, the pupil is equivalent to aperture, whereas the iris is equivalent to the diaphragm.

  9. Special senses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_senses

    In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them: vision (the eye) hearing and balance (the ear, which includes the auditory system and vestibular system) smell (the nose) taste (the tongue)