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  2. Retina bipolar cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_bipolar_cell

    Bipolar cells receive synaptic input from either rods or cones, or both rods and cones, though they are generally designated rod bipolar or cone bipolar cells. There are roughly 10 distinct forms of cone bipolar cells, however, only one rod bipolar cell, due to the rod receptor arriving later in the evolutionary history than the cone receptor ...

  3. Rod cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_cell

    This neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes the bipolar cell. Bipolar cells exist between photoreceptors and ganglion cells and act to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells. As a result of the bipolar cell being hyperpolarized, it does not release its transmitter at the bipolar-ganglion synapse and the synapse is not excited.

  4. Bipolar neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_neuron

    A bipolar neuron, or bipolar cell, is a type of neuron characterized by having both an axon and a dendrite extending from the soma (cell body) in opposite directions. These neurons are predominantly found in the retina and olfactory system. [ 1 ]

  5. Photoreceptor cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

    The photoreceptors (rods and cones) transmit to the bipolar cells, which transmit then to the retinal ganglion cells. Retinal ganglion cell axons collectively form the optic nerve, via which they project to the brain. [8] The rod and cone photoreceptors signal their absorption of photons via a decrease in the release of the neurotransmitter ...

  6. Retina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

    The retina (from Latin rete 'net'; pl. retinae or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional image of the visual world on the retina, which then processes that image within the retina and sends nerve impulses along the optic nerve to the visual cortex to create visual perception.

  7. Globe (human eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_(human_eye)

    More simply, the eyeball itself, as well as the ganglion cells in the retina that eventually transmit visual signals through the optic nerve. [1] A hollow structure, the bulbus oculi is composed of a wall enclosing a cavity filled with fluid with three coats: the sclera, choroid, and the retina. [2] Normally, the bulbus oculi is bulb-like ...

  8. Electroretinography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroretinography

    The leading edge of the a-wave is produced by the photoreceptors, while the remainder of the wave is produced by a mixture of cells including photoreceptors, bipolar, amacrine, and Müller cells or Müller glia. [1] The pattern ERG (PERG), evoked by an alternating checkerboard stimulus, primarily reflects activity of retinal ganglion cells.

  9. Perifovea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perifovea

    Perifovea is a region in the retina that circumscribes the parafovea and fovea and is a part of the macula lutea. [1] The perifovea is a belt that covers a 10° radius around the fovea and is 1.5 mm wide. [2] [3] The perifovea ends when the Henle's fiber layer disappears and the ganglion cells are one-layered. [4]