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Liquid oxygen is potentially explosive, and this is especially true if the trap has been used to trap solvent. Oxygen can be condensed into a cold trap if a pump has sucked air through the trap when the trap is very cold, e.g. when cooled with liquid nitrogen .
The inert-gas line is vented through an oil bubbler, while solvent vapors and gaseous reaction products are prevented from contaminating the vacuum pump by a liquid-nitrogen or dry-ice/acetone cold trap. Special stopcocks or Teflon taps allow vacuum or inert gas to be selected without the need for placing the sample on a separate line. [3]
The Trapp mixture is a specific mixture of organic solvents that allows chemical reactions to take place at very low temperatures. [1] It is made up of THF:diethyl ether:pentane in a 4:4:1 ratio which remains liquid down to −110 °C and the same solvents in a 4:1:1 ratio remain a liquid down to −120 °C.
Organic solvent or salt Temp (°C) Dry ice p-xylene +13 Dry ice Dioxane +12 Dry ice Cyclohexane +6 Dry ice Benzene +5 Dry ice Formamide +2 Ice Salts (see: left) 0 to −40 Liquid N 2: Cycloheptane −12 Dry ice Benzyl alcohol −15 Dry ice Tetrachloroethylene −22 Dry ice Carbon tetrachloride −23 Dry ice 1,3-Dichlorobenzene −25 Dry ice o ...
A rotary evaporator [1] (rotovap) is a device used in chemical laboratories for the efficient and gentle removal of solvents from samples by evaporation.When referenced in the chemistry research literature, description of the use of this technique and equipment may include the phrase "rotary evaporator", though use is often rather signaled by other language (e.g., "the sample was evaporated ...
This vapor travels out of reaction flask up into the condenser where water being circulated around it causes it to cool and drip into the distilling trap. Here, the immiscible liquids separate into layers (water below and solvent above it). When their combined volume reaches the level of the side-arm, the upper, less-dense layer will begin to ...
Three views of a c.1885 steam trap. The general appearance of this arrangement is as in Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, the center view, Fig. 2, shows the cardinal feature of this trap, that it contains a collector for silt, sand, or sediment which is not, as in most other traps of the time, carried out through the valve with the efflux of water.
Evaporation of solvent from the droplets to form dried particles. Particle charging using an ion jet formed via corona discharge. Particle selection – an ion trap is used to excess ions and high mobility charged particles. Measurement of the aggregate charge of aerosol particles using a filter/electrometer.
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