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  2. Glossary of plant morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology

    Alate – having wing-like structures, usually on the seeds or stems, as in Euonymus alata. Alternate – buds are staggered on opposite sides of the branch. Bark – the outer layers of woody plants: cork, phloem, and vascular cambium. Branches – Bud – an immature stem tip, typically an embryonic shoot, either producing a stem, leaves, or ...

  3. Thorns, spines, and prickles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles

    Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.

  4. Glossary of botanical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms

    The stem of a plant, especially a woody one; also used to mean a rootstock, or particularly a basal stem structure or storage organ from which new growth arises. Compare lignotuber. caudiciform Stem-like or caudex-like; sometimes used to mean "pachycaul", meaning "thick-stemmed". caudicle diminutive of caudex.

  5. Plant morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_morphology

    Plant morphology treats both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. The vegetative (somatic) structures of vascular plants include two major organ systems: (1) a shoot system, composed of stems and leaves, and (2) a root system. These two systems are common to nearly all vascular plants, and provide a ...

  6. Branch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch

    The latter term is an affix found in other modern words such as cladodont (prehistoric sharks with branched teeth), cladode (flattened leaf-like branches), or cladogram (a branched diagram showing relations among organisms).

  7. Plant stem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_stem

    The term "shoots" is often confused with "stems"; "shoots" generally refers to new fresh plant growth, including both stems and other structures like leaves or flowers. [2] In most plants, stems are located above the soil surface, but some plants have underground stems. Stems have several main functions: [3]

  8. Plant taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_taxonomy

    Three goals of plant taxonomy are the identification, classification and description of plants. The distinction between these three goals is important and often overlooked. Plant identification is a determination of the identity of an unknown plant by comparison with previously collected specimens or with the aid of books or identification manuals.

  9. Cirsium arvense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirsium_arvense

    Stems are 30–150 cm, slender green, and freely branched, [20] smooth and glabrous (having no trichomes or glaucousness), mostly without spiny wings. Leaves are alternate on the stem with their base sessile and clasping or shortly decurrent .