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Bromethalin was discovered in the early 1980s through an approach to find replacement rodenticides for first-generation anticoagulants, especially to be useful against rodents that had become resistant to Warfarin-type anticoagulant poisons.
Bromethalin is a nonanticoagulant rodenticide that is intended to lead to death in target species after ingestion of a single dose. The median lethal dose (LD50) may vary in the literature; however, toxic doses are widely accepted at one-tenth of the lowest reported LD50 in companion animal species.
Bromethalin is becoming one of the more common active ingredients seen in rodenticides, but the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center notes that many veterinarians are nervous about treating it.
Bromethalin-based rodenticide bait exposures have become increasingly common since the product became available in 1985. 1 In 2015, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center received 2791 calls regarding exposures to bromethalin-based rodenticides. 2
Bromethalin is a nonanticoagulant rodenticide that can cause either a short- or longterm syndrome. In dogs, sudden, severe effects include hyperexcitability, muscle tremors, seizures, heightened reflexes of the hindlimbs, central nervous system depression, and death about 10 hours after ingestion.
Presumptive diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis relies on history of possible rodenticide exposure coupled with compatible neurologic signs or sudden death, and postmortem examination findings that eliminate other causes of death. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting the metabolite desmethylbromethalin (DMB) in tissues.
Bromethalin was developed for use against warfarin-resistant rodents. It is a restricted-use rodenticide used in and around buildings and sewers and inside transportation and cargo vehicles. It is extremely toxic, and only a single dose of bromethalin is needed to cause death in rats and mice.
Bromethalin is a rodenticide used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS) that can be used to control and eradicate invasive rodents for conservation purposes , as well as to control rodents in and around manmade structures .
What is bromethalin rodenticide poisoning? Bromethalin is one of the most common types of rodenticides currently on the market. It is found in several forms, including hard blocks, soft baits, pellets, worms/grubs, and meal/grain. Dogs are commonly poisoned when they find loose blocks placed for rodent control, or they access the bulk container.
Bromethalin is designed to be lethal as a one-time-ingestion rodenticide (3). This compound and its metabolite inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (3 – 9).